Abstract

We propose and demonstrate the first analytical model of the spatial resolution of frequency-domain (FD) fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) that explains how it is fundamentally different with the common resolution limit of the conventional fluorescence microscopy. Frequency modulation (FM) capture effect is also observed by the model, which results in distorted FLIM measurements. A super-resolution FLIM approach based on a localization-based technique, super-resolution radial fluctuations (SRRF), is presented. In this approach, we separately process the intensity and lifetime to generate a super-resolution FLIM composite image. The capability of the approach is validated both numerically and experimentally in fixed cells sample.

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