Overcoming fundamental limitations of wind turbine individual blade pitch control with inflow sensors

Abstract

Individual pitch control (IPC) provides an important means of attenuating harmful fatigue and extreme loads upon the load bearing structures of a wind turbine. Conventional IPC architectures determine the additional pitch demand signals required for load mitigation in response to measurements of the flap-wise blade-root bending moments. However, the performance of such architectures is fundamentally limited by bandwidth constraints imposed by the blade dynamics. Seeking to overcome this problem, we present a simple solution based upon a local blade inflow measurement on each blade. Importantly, this extra measurement enables the implementation of an additional cascaded feedback controller that overcomes the existing IPC performance limitation and hence yields significantly improved load reductions. Numerical demonstration upon a high-fidelity and nonlinear wind turbine model reveals (i) 60% reduction in the amplitude of the dominant 1P fatigue loads, and (ii) 59% reduction in the amplitude of extreme wind shear induced blade loads, compared to a conventional IPC controller with the same robust stability margin. This paper therefore represents a significant alternative to wind turbine IPC load mitigation as compared to LiDAR-based feedforward control approaches.