Abstract
The output power of wind farms is fluctuating as a result of the wind speed variation. These power fluctuations disturb the quality of voltage and frequency of the grid. The fluctuated power can be smoothed via many methods such as controlling the pitch angle of blades, the rotor inertia, and using the energy storage systems (ESSs). These ESSs are mostly installed in the renewable energy for load levelling with cost limitations. Owing to the high cost of ESSs, it is required to utilise and enhance different power control techniques. This study introduces different and recent proposed methods and enhancements to smoothen the output power of permanent-magnet synchronous generator driven directly (gearless) by a variable-speed wind turbine. Fuzzy logic control, sliding mode control, and evolutionary algorithms are used to enhance the control performance of pitch angle, machine-side converter, and DC–DC converter of ESS.
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