Abstract
The process of manual fertilization and irrigation of plants has disadvantages such as it requires human labor and is inefficient in the use of fertilizers and water sources. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design and develop an automatic fertigation system. The method used in this research is a drip fertigation technique where the fertigation liquid that has been stirred is placed in a tank with 100 cm height from ground. With the gravitational force, the fertigation liquid is distributed through pipes, hoses and emitters around the plant. While the control system and automation of fertigation distribution to plants is carried out based on a microcontroller that need the condition of soil moisture values around the plant. If the watering time and humidity values are met, the electronic valve will open so that the fertigation liquid flows from the tank to the plants. Furthermore, in this study the tests were carried out to determine the uniformity coefficient and debit of drip fertigation. From the results, it shows that the emitter’s debit influenced by the liquid level in the tank. The uniformity coefficient obtained in the two tests is greater than 90%. From the two tests carried out from the moisture sensor 1 and 2, it shows the mean percentage error for both sensor is less than 1.7%, while the percentage error of soil moisture sensor 1 is 1.6% and the percentage error of soil moisture sensor 2 is 1%, respectively. Meanwhile, from the ultrasonic sensor testing it was obtained 0% of error. It also shows from the testing conducted that the fertigation system works very well and successfully.
Highlights
Abstrak— Proses pemupukan dan pengairan tanaman secara manual memiliki kelemahan yaitu membutuhkan tenaga manusia dan tidak efisien dalam penggunaan pupuk dan sumber air
The method used in this research is a drip fertigation technique where the fertigation liquid that has been stirred is placed in a tank with 100 cm height from ground
With the gravitational force, the fertigation liquid is distributed through pipes, hoses and emitters around the plant
Summary
Proses penyiraman dan pemupukan tanaman merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan suatu tanaman. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan pengujian kinerja sistem kontrol fertigasi dengan metode tetes untuk tanaman bayam yang menunjukkan kinerja yang baik [5]. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah merancang dan membangun, serta menguji kinerja sistem fertigasi untuk tanaman di mana pada proses pengujiannya menggunakan tanaman tomat. Artikel ini juga membahas tentang kinerja sistem fertigasi tersebut seperti: debit emitter, koefisien irigasi tetes, analisis kinerja sensor ultrasonik, dan analisis kinerja sensor kelembaban tanah yang selanjutnya akan dibahas dalam bagian hasil dan pembahasan artikel ini. Proses pengendalian komponen elektronik baik input maupun output dilakukan oleh mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Komponen input yang dikendalikan oleh Arduino Uno yaitu RTC sebagai komponen input untuk membaca waktu, sensor ultrasonik sebagai komponen input untuk membaca jarak cairan fertigasi pada tangki, dan sensor kelembaban tanah sebagai komponen input untuk untuk membaca kelembaban tanah disekitar tanaman. Untuk pendistribusian cairan fertigasi dikontrol oleh water valve sebagai kran otomatis, di mana cairan fertigasi yang berada pada tangki akan melewati water valve terlebih dahulu yang selanjutnya akan diteruskan ke tanah disekitar tanaman
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