Abstract

In dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, traumatology, and orthopedics, there is a need to use osteoplastic materials that have not only osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties but are also convenient for use. In the study, compositions based on collagen hydrogel were developed. Polylactide granules (PLA) or a traditional bone graft, a mixture of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate (HAP/β-TCP), were used for gel filling to improve mechanical osteoconductive properties of compositions. The mechanical tests showed that collagen hydrogels filled with 12 wt% highly porous PLA granules (elastic modulus 373 ± 55 kPa) or 35 wt% HAP/β-TCP granules (elastic modulus 451 ± 32 kPa) had optimal manipulative properties. All composite components were cytocompatible. The cell’s viability was above 90%, and the components’ structure facilitated the cell’s surface adhesion. The bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) provided osteoinductive composition properties. It was impregnated directly into the collagen hydrogel with the addition of fibronectin or inside porous PLA granules. The implantation of a collagen hydrogel with BMP-2 and PLA granules into a critical-size calvarial defect in rats led to the formation of the most significant volume of bone tissue: 61 ± 15%. It was almost 2.5 times more than in the groups where a collagen-fibronectin hydrogel with a mixture of HAP/β-TCP (25 ± 7%) or a fibronectin-free composition with porous PLA granules impregnated with BMP-2 (23 ± 8%) were used. Subcutaneous implantation of the compositions also showed their high biocompatibility and osteogenic potential in the absence of a bone environment. Thus, the collagen-fibronectin hydrogel with BMP-2 and PLA granules has optimal biocompatibility, osteogenic, and manipulative properties.

Highlights

  • The rise in musculoskeletal disorders and demand for dental bone grafts has led to an increased number of bone grafts used

  • It was almost 2.5 times more than in the groups where a collagenfibronectin hydrogel with a mixture of HAP/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) (25 ± 7%) or a fibronectin-free composition with porous Polylactide granules (PLA) granules impregnated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) (23 ± 8%) were used

  • This study aimed to develop osteoplastic compositions based on collagen hydrogel, fibronectin, BMP-2, highly porous polylactide granules, and a mixture of HAP and βtricalcium phosphate granules, which would have optimal mechanical and biological properties and would be convenient for use

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Summary

Introduction

The rise in musculoskeletal disorders and demand for dental bone grafts has led to an increased number of bone grafts used. Autologous bone is still the current “gold standard” for bone defect repair [2]. It is nonimmunogenic and possesses the essential components to achieve osteoinduction and osteoconduction. Autografts play a marginal role because allografts widely overtake them for reasons related to costs/benefits [4]. Allografts account for more than 50% of the market for bone grafts [1]. They are effective and safe bone grafts with osteoconductive properties. Their processing and sterilization result in the loss of osteogenic capacity [5]

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