Abstract
The theory of osmotic flow which envisages the water transfer as a pressure-induced flow through membrane pores has only ever been presented for ideally semi-permeable systems, although it has been widely assumed that bulk flow occurs in systems where the solute reflection coefficient is less than one (σ < 1). In addition, ideal semipermeability has been interpreted as a complete exclusion of solute molecules from the pores. In this paper the penetration depth of solute into a pore system has been set up as a variable parameter, and seems to be of critical importance in the control of the osmotic flow rate. It is shown that a membrane can be perfectly semi-permeable, and yet have a very low reflection coefficient; in addition, bulk flow may be negligibly small.
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