OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE KAMU GÖREVLİLERİNE VERİLEN SÜRGÜN CEZALARINDAKİ SUÇ TİPLERİ (18. yüzyıl)

Abstract

"Banishment" is a sort of punishment that has been used throughout history in various geographies and civilisations for a variety of reasons and objectives. The desire of states to further strengthen their sovereignty is one of the aspects grabbing attention among specified reasons and purposes. When it comes to banishments in the Ottoman Empire, there are three main reasons behind them. As a result, three different sorts of exile have become possible at the same time: 1) Administrative/political banishments applied on government executives as a sanction; 2) Banishments applied for inhabitation as a result of population and inhabitation policies of central government; and 3) Banishments as a punishment inflicted on certain types of crime. The areas of application of all these three forms of banishment are attracting attention of modern researchers thanks to rich archive materials reflecting the characteristics of the relevant era.
 After briefly discussing banishments for administrative and inhabitation purposes, the focus of this research will be on banishment as a punitive consequence. Following a brief history of the conceptual framework and banishment, the method of application of banishment (or exile or deportation) in Islamic and Ottoman Laws will be briefly explained. This study is basically relied upon the documents in different classifications and catalogues in the Ottoman Archives of the Presidency. All of the documents relating from to said the 18th and 19th centuries are scanned, and banishments applied as a penal sanction are picked up. This paper aims to determine on the basis of the 18th century records for which crimes the public servants are mostly banished in the related centuries, and whether they committed crimes alone or jointly with accomplices from bandits or ordinary people, and duration of banishment, and to which provinces they are banished, and whether they are ever pardoned or not.