Abstract
BackgroundOroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (O. indicum) is found in Thailand. It has been used for the treatment of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an O. indicum extract (OIE) on the adipogenic and biomolecular change in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.MethodsInitial studies examined the chemical components of OIE. The cell line 3T3-L1 was used to establish potential toxic effects of OIE during the differentiation of pre-adipocytes to adipocytes. The inhibitory effect of OIE on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was investigated. Moreover, the impact of OIE on pancreatic lipase activity was determined. In further experiments, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to monitor and discriminate biomolecular changes caused by the potential anti-adipogenic effect of OIE on 3T3-L1 cells.ResultsChemical screening methods indicated that OIE was composed of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, and tannins. The percentage viability of 3T3-L1 cells was not significantly decreased after exposure to either 200 or 150 μg/mL of OIE for 2 and 10 days, respectively compared to control cells. The OIE exhibited a dose-dependent reduction of lipid accumulation compared to the control (p < 0.05). The extract also demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect upon lipase activity compared to the control. The inhibitory effect of the OIE on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was also confirmed using FTIR microspectroscopy. The signal intensity and the integrated areas relating to lipids, lipid esters, nucleic acids, glycogen and carbohydrates of the OIE-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were significantly lower than the non-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated four distinct clusters for the FTIR spectra of 3T3-L1 adipocytes based on biomolecular changes (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates). This observation was confirmed using Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (UHCA).ConclusionsThese novel findings provide evidence that the OIE derived from the fruit pods of the plant is capable of inhibiting lipid and carbohydrate accumulation in adipocytes and also has the potential to inhibit an enzyme associated with fat absorption. The initial observations indicate that OIE may have important properties which in the future may be exploited for the management of the overweight or obese.
Highlights
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (O. indicum) is found in Thailand
The phytochemical composition, Total phenolic content determination (TPC), and Total flavonoid content determination (TFC) A 1.0 Kg weight of fruit pods from O. indicum was processed to obtain a final yield of 18.41% (w/w) O. indicum extract (OIE) (Table 1)
(+) = positive test; (−) = negative test Weight and yield of Oroxylum indicum was calculated from a 1.0 kg extraction of raw material. aThe TPC and TFC were derived from calibration curves using the relevant standard and based on dry weight of Oroxylum indicum
Summary
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (O. indicum) is found in Thailand It has been used for the treatment of obesity. Using appetite suppressant drugs is a common way to treat obesity, long-term pharmacological treatment has been reported to generate many side-effects [5, 6]. This has led to innovative research using natural products to combat obesity in the hope of a safe and novel treatment [7, 8]. Oroxylin A, an isolated compound from O. indicum, induced both anti-adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This was largely explained by a down-regulation of many transcriptional factors and an enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic proteins [16]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
