Origin Sources of English Biotechnological Terminology

Abstract

The article characterizes the peculiarities of the formation of the English biotechnological terminological system, which is of growing interest among linguists, since it is a young terminological system that is at the stage of formation due to the high level of innovation and dynamism of biotechnology. This makes linguistic research related to the study of a new terminology system relevant. The object of research of our article is the English-language special (terminological) vocabulary that nominates the concept of the biotechnological sphere. From a linguistic point of view, this branch of knowledge is characterized by a special biotechnological terminology, which is still being formed and formed mainly in the English language, although the development of scientific research in the biotechnology field is not a priority of the Anglo-American community. In this connection, the question arises as to the definition of the sources of the formation of the terms of biotechnology, which is necessary for the understanding of those factors that affect the general composition of the vocabulary of the English language. The research material was a sample consisting of terminological units of the modern English language, belonging to biotechnology sphere, selected from specialized dictionaries, scientific works on the problems of biotechnology, Internet sites dedicated to the creation and production of new modified organisms and products. During the analysis, we relied on methods of continuous sampling of linguistic material, definitional analysis, classification, as well as comparative analysis and statistical methods. On the basis of the analyzed sources of English biotechnological terms, it is concluded that the biotechnological term system develops under the influence of semantic processes in the vocabulary of the national language and their assimilation by the biotechnological term system. The movement of lexical units from the composition of commonly used vocabulary to the terminology of biotechnology is connected with the terminology of their meaning. Terms formation consists in the peculiarity of one and the same word functioning in non-terminological and terminological meanings, that is, a development of special terminological meanings from a general literary word. An important source of increasing the English biotechnological term system is borrowing from the terminology of various disciplines, since biotechnology is a complex integrative science that combines dozens of sections and directions. A more common source of formation of biotechnological terminology is metaphorization. Word formation processes are the most significant source of replenishment of the biotechnological terminological system: affixation (prefixes, suffixes), compounding of bases, abbreviation. The development of biotechnology as a science and globalization lead to the replenishment of the biotechnological terminology system due to neologisms formation.