Abstract
The ultraviolet-visible and infrared absorption spectra of Fe2O3 and MgO co-doped lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals have been investigated. The experimental results show that some Fe2+ ions are still in Li-sites while the doping concentration of MgO is above threshold. Our results show that the large reduction of defect (Mg+ Li - V- Li) in nearly stoichiometric LiNbO3 is the key factor to reduce the content of (Fe+ Li - V- Li) for anti-photorefraction. Based on defect chemical analysis, we obtained that only 1.3 mol.% of MgO is needed to suppress the optical damage completely in a nearly stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystal with [Li]/[Nb]=49.9/50.1 while 21.2 mol.% needed in congruent ones.
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