Abstract
High quality stoichiometric LiNbO3 single crystals, 40 mm in diameter and 80-100 mm in length, have been successfully grown by the double crucible Czochralski method equipped with automatic powder supply system using radio-frequency heating and automatic diameter control system. Although some difficulties still exist in growing 3 inch size single crystals from offcongruent composition melts, our results demonstrate that stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals containing much less nonstoichiometric defects than congruent LiNbO3 exhibit some advantageous properties for holographic data storage applications. This was confirmed by the results of two-beam coupling experiment and digital hologram test. In digital holographic data storage, we have demonstrated that stoichiometric LiNbO3 shows more than 10 times larger photorefractive sensitivity than congruent LiNbO3 In order to interpret the high performance of stoichiometric LiNbO3, we compared several relevant parameters such as electro-optic constants, photoconductivity, and photogalvanic constants between stoichiometric and congruent LiNbO3 crystals. We report that material parameters are strongly dependent on the density of nonstoichiometric defects and control of these defects is of key importance in improving and tailoring those properties.
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