Abstract
Retrograde alteration of crystalline basement rocks is often the result of infiltration of water from sedimentary basins or the surface. At high crustal levels, fluid advects at near-hydrostatic pressure, and large fluxes can lead to mineralisation as well as retrogression. In the mid-crust (T>300°C) surface-derived fluids preserved in fluid inclusions show evidence of overpressuring. It is proposed that fluid is pumped down into dry basement during faulting and causes a ductile response with recrystallisation that leads to them being sealed in and compressed. The distribution of fluid inclusion homogenisation temperatures is quite different for the two cases, and more extensive wall rock reaction at elevated temperatures can increase salinity.
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