Abstract
The formation of gametangia by heterothallic isolates of Bremia lactucae was investigated by light microscopy of fresh infected lettuce cotyledons and by scanning electron microscopy of chemically fixed and cryofixed cotyledons. Techniques were developed to produce paradermal fracture planes in the infected tissue which was then examined in the scanning electron microscope. These investigations revealed that gametangia were formed as a result of a complex interaction between two or more vegetative hyphae in close physical association, followed by proliferation of sexual hyphae. Antheridia were attached paragynously to oogonia. The observations support the experimental demonstration of heterothallism in B. lactucae.
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