Abstract
Summary Archives were the byproducts of scribal bureaucracies which developed in the Iberian peninsula especially in the twelfth century. In the heartland Crown of Castile-Leon, the beginning of systematic record keeping can be traced as a development parallel to the growth of the monarchy from a traveling court to a network of regional capitals and coordination by the royal chanceries. The kinds of records and their formats are surveyed in this essay, with special attention to edited and published records for the study of Castile-Leon in the Middle Ages. The main foci are on the royal chancery, monastic and cathedral archives, records of the military orders, municipal archives, and the origin of royal archives. Legal sources documenting more conscientious record keeping are important, as are registers attesting actual practices. Finally, the main archival depositories of Spain are discussed, especially regarding their holdings of medieval and early modern records.
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