Origen de la expresión "res et sacramentum"

Abstract

The author shows the process through which the distinction of this triad in the sacrament of the Eucharist in the first half of the 12th Century is reached. He points out the primordia role of the School of Laon in the deciding of these expressions, getting together a series of the notions brought forth by the anterior theologists. He takes Saint Augustin as a starting point because theologists extract the notion of sacramentun and res sacramenti from him. To the Bishop of Hipona, understood in a broad sense, the preeminent res which the prophecies looked at, (the figures of the New and Old Testaments and the Sacraments), is Christ. In the sacrament of the Eucharist, he distinguishes, moreover, between the sacrament which all receive, and the res scaramentis, unitas corporis et sanguinis Christi, which are received only by those who go to the sacrament wellprepared. The heresy of Berengar, which tries to base itself on the texts of Ratramma which are accepted in their time as being the work of John Scott, calls the attention to the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, distinguishing there sacramentun (species) from res sacramenti (Body of Christ). Lanfranc states that the Body of Christ is present in the Eucharist. Ivo de Chartres gathers Lanfranc’s texts as well as those of Saint Augustin, which suggest reflection over the relation that exists in the Eucharist between the Body of Christ and the ecclesistic unity produced by the sacrament. The writings of the School of Laon will look more thoroughly into that relation. In fact the Liber Pancrisis (before 1177) get together judgments where it is said that the Body of Christ in the Eucharist- In this work, and in the later compilations of the said school, the trilogy which are now looking intro appear ins its essence. The first formal expression of the trilogy can probably be found in a question of the florilegium of Chalons-sur-Marne 72, which perhaps belongs to Hugh de San Victor and is considered as a possible source of the Summa Sententiarum by Lottin. Its relation with the writings of the School of Laon and with the De Sacramental expression of the trilogy, which, form them onwards will be constant in the 12th Century.