Abstract
This study investigated organophosphorus (OP) residues in vegetables from 27 farms, 106 markets, and 1 supermarket around Kwan Phayao Lake, Northern Thailand, between August and September 2013. Types of vegetables sampled were all vegetables cultivated or sold around the study site. The most common OP pesticides detected in farm samples were chlorpyrifos (50%), malathion (31.8%), monocrotophos (31.8%), diazinon (13.6%), omethoate (13.6%), and dicrotophos (9.1%). The most common OP pesticides detected in market samples were chlorpyrifos (33.9%), diazinon (18.6%), parathion-methyl (3.4%), profenofos (3.4%), primiphos-ethyl (3.4%), and fenitrothion (1.7%). The OP pesticides detected in supermarket samples were chlorpyrifos (33.3%), and diazinon (66.7%). Among the compounds detected, chlorpyrifos was detected in most of the vegetable samples from all sources. The highest chlorpyrifos level in farm samples were found in lemon balm (2.423mg/kg) followed by Vietnamese coriander (0.835mg/kg), and cowpea (0.027mg/kg). The highest level in markets samples were found in garlic (7.785mg/kg) followed by Chinese cabbage (2.864mg/kg) and Vietnamese coriander (1.308mg/kg). Residues from supermarket samples were found only in parsley (0.027mg/kg). The findings showed that 16 samples (59.3%) from farms and 14 samples (13.2%) from markets contained OP residues at or above the maximum residue limits established by the European Union. It is concluded that awareness, safety education, and strict regulation of pesticide use are necessary.
Published Version
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