Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of disulfide functional macrocyclic carbonates: An alternative strategy to enzymatic catalysis

Abstract

Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrocyclic carbonates (≥12 ring) is still challenging due to the associated low ring-strain. Although organometallic and enzyme based catalysts have been studied, disadvantages such as organometallic residue and enzymic nature limit their applications. After screening commercially available organocatalysts, we report the use of organocatalysts for ROP of disulfide-containing macrocyclic carbonates (MSS, 16 ring). It was found that organocatalysts (TBD) presented high active and living ROP of MSS, as evidenced by kinetic studies, yielding main chain disulfide-containing polycarbonates with tailor-made structures and predictable molecular weights with low molecular weight distribution. Copolymerizations with trimethylene carbonate (TMC) generated random copolymers with controlled components, regulating the density of disulfide functional groups. By comparing with the behaviors of enzyme catalysis in kinetic studies and (co-)polymerization, it is observed that organic catalyzed ROP showed more efficient (~ ten times faster), milder condition and more controlled behaviors than enzyme catalyzed ROP (N-435). Therefore, we believe this organic catalyzed strategy will provide an alternative to the current enzymatic and organometallic catalyst for ROP of macrocyclic carbonates.