Abstract
<p>Organizations are increasingly facing great changes in their external environment, like is the case of current pandemic. Theoretical reflection and scientific literature review led us to develop a new concept – organizational toughness - and a new model that may help explaining the variables underlying an effective response to environmental changes, contributing to the organization's survival. This model also includes the concepts of organizational plasticity and organizational strength as crucial factors to face new market threats and opportunities. Other second order latent variables – staff preparation and structure adapted to change – and manifest variables, such as the quality level of competencies, motivation, flexibility, strategic planning processes, leadership behaviours, organizational learning market oriented, the amount of resources holt by an organization, and external access to these resources are also presented, as well as clues for future research. This paper aims at contributing to the development of strategic management theory in relation to market changes even when not expected.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL:</strong> D20; D23; M11</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0666/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Highlights
In this new economic context, facing a pandemic that led the countries’ governments to shut down most of the business activities (e.g., The New York Times, 2020), is necessary to rapidly develop survival strategies for all types of organizations
We review the literature on these subjects, namely about what is possible to consider as organizational plasticity and organizational strength, as well as European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies - Volume 5 │ Issue 3 │ 2020
We propose a new model based on the concept of toughness, which is the ability of an organization to internalize external impacts of the market or other events and withstand shocks, undertaken a plastic adaptation without failing or breaking, i.e., a combination of organizational plasticity, measured by the levels of staff preparation and of a structure adapted to change, and of organizational strength, measured by the levels of internal availability of resources and the ability to access external ones (Figure 1)
Summary
In this new economic context, facing a pandemic that led the countries’ governments to shut down most of the business activities (e.g., The New York Times, 2020), is necessary to rapidly develop survival strategies for all types of organizations. This problem happened in environments marked by natural catastrophes or strikes in strategical sectors of economy like those of transports (e.g., BBC.NEWS, 2019, 2020). Unemployment skyrocketed immediately, not least because it is easy to fire in the US and there are many employees in Europe on temporary contracts In both economies, there are many illegal immigrants, who are obviously unemployed at this conjuncture. All the measures taken are disruptive, and there is a consensus on the perception that the world economy will never be as it was before, and that we will see many changes in the way we will organize business
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