ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE GENERATION OF ANALYTICAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FOR IMPORT AND EXPORT TRANSACTIONS

Abstract

The paper focuses of the major problems related to the development of the system for analytical accounting of import and export transactions and its effective functioning in the contemporary conditions. A special attention has been paid to the directions for introducing improvements in the organization of processes of generation and use of analytical accounting information for the import and export operations of the enterprise.The import and export of goods belong to the group of the so-called traditional foreign trade transactions, which comprise a basic unit within the system of contemporary international economic relations. As an object of accounting, import and export transactions are characterized by considerable complexity. It derives from their essential characteristics, which substantially distinguish them from commercial transactions within the domestic market in the country. Taking into account the specificities of import and export transactions, we can characterize them as complex business processes involving numerous and diverse business operations that have to be reflected in accounting.The main accounting objects in the context of import and export transactions can also be identified as primary objects of management in the enterprise carrying out such transactions. This puts an important requirement in accounting for providing, interpreting, using and delivering complete, comprehensive, reliable and timely information about them. The complexity and specificity of import and export transactions entails a need for greater analyticity in their accounting for better information support needed for their management.An issue of utmost importance in the generation of accounting information for the import and export transactions is the rational development of the structure of the system for analytical accounting in accordance with the specific information needs of the enterprise related to the analysis and overall management of these operations. A major problem in this regard is to ensure organizational and methodological unity between the generation of analytical accounting information for the import and export of goods and the subsequent detailed analyzes in different perspectives. For this purpose, it is necessary to organize the accounting based on analytical indicators, which correspond to the specific directions for detailing the analyzes of import and export transactions. It is also mandatory for the organization of the system for analytical accounting to be complied with the important requirement that the benefits of the information should exceed the expenses made for its generation. This presupposes the achievement of an effective organization aided by modern accounting software, and as early as upon initial entry of the data in the accounting information system based on the primary accounting documents for the completed transactions the information needs of analysis should also be taken into consideration. Thus, a one-off entry and multiple use of the detailed accounting information on import and export will be ensured, the doubling of expenses for labor and time will be avoided in relation to the generation of accounting information and its subsequent use for the purposes of analysis.