Abstract
This research was mixed with a qualitative approach. The purpose is to understand the degree of understanding of the underlying beliefs of the administrative workers in their perception of the Institutional Image of the organizational culture (OC), and from the quantitative perspective to evaluate the degree of relationship between the OC constructs and competitiveness. To conceptualize OC, the theory of organizational behavior was considered, and regarding competitiveness, the approach of the World Economic Forum (WEF). In the methodological framework, a Faculty of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru was taken as the unit of analysis. In the quantitative analysis, a randomly selected sample of 294 people was considered, the study being correlational, cross-sectional, applicative and with a non-experimental design; a questionnaire with 21 items was applied, whose data were processed in the statistical program SPSS version 25, validating its internal reliability for both variables (Cronbach's alpha: 0.932), content validity via expert judgment and construct validity via the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The qualitative study was exploratory and with a phenomenological design with a sample of 9 people, using the semi-structured interview. The results for the descriptive analysis revealed that 93% of the sample considered OC important in understanding competitiveness. Contrasting the general hypothesis, a high statistical significance was found between both constructs (p-value =0.000), and a positive correlation (Spearman 0.718). The tests of the specific hypotheses showed the same pattern of results. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) reaffirmed that the OC is capable of interpreting about 52.2% of the competitiveness construct.
Highlights
Specialists argue that we are in the perspective of the third generation of higher education centers or universities (HEI), which have emerged in the high higher education scenario, and due to their ability to influence, as well as modify change, development social, scientific, technological and economic, constitutes one of the most relevant segments of international competition; As a result, HEIs are forced to make frequent changes in their main purpose, scope and organization (Köse et al, 2019, pp.1-2)
The KMO test reveals satisfactory values: for the variable organizational culture (OC) 0.929 and 0.875 for the variable competitiveness (See Table 1), above the value 0.8 accepted in the literature (Ferrando and Anguiano-Carrasco, 2010, p. 26; Lloret-Segura et al, 2014, p. 1166), which reveals that the correlation of the items and between the items is high enough to run the exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
The descriptive analysis revealed that according to the statistical trend 93% of the respondents perceive the OC construct as significant in the explanation of the competitiveness construct
Summary
Specialists argue that we are in the perspective of the third generation of higher education centers or universities (HEI), which have emerged in the high higher education scenario, and due to their ability to influence, as well as modify change, development social, scientific, technological and economic, constitutes one of the most relevant segments of international competition; As a result, HEIs are forced to make frequent changes in their main purpose, scope and organization (Köse et al, 2019, pp.). Universities have become a lever for development; As mentioned by UNESCO (2009), higher education and research help to eradicate poverty, promote sustainable development and achieve internationally agreed goals, in this same conference the responsibility of higher education is highlighted as understanding and to face economic, cultural, social and scientific problems, to promote critical thinking and active citizenship, and it must be ensured by the interested entities, in particular the governments In this context, strengthening the competitive capacity of HEIs assumes strategic importance; in this regard, as demonstrated in the specialized literature, OC can contribute to creating a competitive advantage in universities. The World Economic Forum (WEF, 2019) analyzes the competitiveness of nations subject to achieving significant levels of productivity, which depends on the proper functioning of institutions, policies and relevant factors, highlighting that said parameter is a condition to achieve greater progress in a nation
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