Abstract
Terrestrially derived OM is known to dominate the OM pool in reference watersheds. Urban watersheds are known to receive large OM loads compared to reference watersheds, but the proportion of terrestrial, autochthonous, and anthropogenic (e.g., wastewater effluent) sources of OM in urban watersheds remains unknown. Organic matter was identified as a pollutant of concern in the Jordan River, an urban river in the Salt Lake Basin, U.S.A. Our objective was to identify autochthonous, terrestrial, and anthropogenic sources of three size-classes of OM to the Jordan River to inform OM reduction strategies within the watershed. Samples of coarse particulate OM (CPOM), fine particulate OM (FPOM), and dissolved OM (DOM) were analyzed for stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Stable isotope values of OM were used for Bayesian and graphical gradient-based mixing models to identify autochthonous, terrestrial, and anthropogenic sources. Fluorescent properties of DOM were also used to characterize the sources and composition of DOM. CPOM was primarily terrestrially derived with increased autochthonous inputs from macrophytes in warm months. FPOM was a mixture of terrestrial, autochthonous, and wastewater effluent throughout the year. DOM was primarily from wastewater effluent as well as DOM with isotope signatures unique to DOM from Utah Lake. Characterization of OM in urban rivers will help inform conceptual models of OM dynamics and load management in urban ecosystems.
Highlights
Rivers and streams are hotspots of organic matter (OM) transport and transformation (McClain et al, 2003; Battin et al, 2008)
Each size-class of OM was derived from different sources and varied depending on the dominance of effluent discharge to the river compared to lake water and primary production in summer
Autochthonous sources of coarse particulate OM (CPOM) and fine particulate OM (FPOM) increased in summer but differed depending on size class
Summary
Rivers and streams are hotspots of organic matter (OM) transport and transformation (McClain et al, 2003; Battin et al, 2008). By storing, transporting, and transforming OM, rivers provide important ecosystem services, such as nutrient retention and removal, which maintain water quality, and ecological integrity of downstream aquatic ecosystems. River networks can efficiently transform terrestrial inputs into biomass that is used as energy for higher trophic levels (Wallace et al, 1977; Kominoski and Rosemond, 2012), and store or mineralize terrestrial inputs which can mitigate excessive nutrients (Alexander et al, 2009; Kaushal et al, 2014) and sediment loads (Larsen and Harvey, 2017) to downstream waterbodies. Organic Matter in an Urban River (Kendall et al, 2007). It is extremely difficult to identify sources of OM to rivers, especially in urban watersheds
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