Organic Manure Management Increases Soil Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in the Double-cropping Rice Paddy Field of Southern China

Abstract

ABSTRACT The soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community were affected by different fertilizer management. Fertilizer regime was closely related to soil texture and nutrient status in the double-cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy field of southern China. However, there was limited information about influence of long-term fertilizer management on soil microbial community in the double-cropping rice paddy field. Therefore, the effects of 39-years long-term fertilizer regime on soil bacterial and fungal diversity in the double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China were studied by using Illumina sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) technology in the present paper. The experiment including four fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without fertilizer input as control (CK). The results showed that diversity indices of soil microbial community with RF and OM treatments were higher than that of CK treatment. Application of organic manure and rice straw management increase soil bacterial abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, and soil fungi abundance of the phylum Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Tremellales were also increased. Compared with CK treatment, the value of Richness, Shannon and McIntosh indices, and taxonomic diversity were increased with RF and OM treatments. This finding demonstrated that RF and OM treatments modify soil bacterial and fungal diversity. Therefore, the combined application of organic manure or rice straw with chemical fertilizer management significantly increases the abundance of profitable functional bacteria and fungi species in the double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China.