Abstract
The composites based on anion exchange resin containing hydrated zirconium and titanium oxides have been obtained. Zirconium oxide, which is characterized by lower solubility, forms non-aggregated nanoparticles: a size of dominated particles is 2 nm. More soluble titanium oxide is deposited as aggregated nanoparticles. The composites containing agglomerated ZrO2 nanoparticles have been also synthesized. The methods of TEM and impedance spectroscopy have been applied to the investigations. The materials containing single ZrO2 nanoparticles show reproducibility of composition and the highest electrical conductivity despite the lowest content of the modifier (up to 3 mass%). Removal of Cl− ions from nanofiltration permeate, which had been obtained during milky whey processing, has been investigated under dynamic conditions. The break-through capacity is 0.75 (pristine resin) and 1 mmol cm−3 (nanoparticle-containing composite). This organic–inorganic ion-exchanger was applied to electrodeionization of protein concentrate. As found, desalination occurs at 5 V. The solution pH remains stable (about 7) preventing coagulation and denaturation of proteins.
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