Abstract
The Chuduoqu Pb-Zn-Cu deposit is located in the Tuotuohe area in the northern part of the Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt, central Tibet. The Pb-Zn-Cu ore bodies in this deposit are hosted mainly by Middle Jurassic Xiali Formation limestone and sandstone, and are structurally controlled by a series of NWW trending faults. In this paper, we present the results of fluid inclusions and isotope (C, H, O, S, and Pb) investigations of the Chuduoqu deposit. Four stages of hydrothermal ore mineralization are identified: quartz–specularite (stage I), quartz–barite–chalcopyrite (stage II), quartz–polymetallic sulfide (stage III), and quartz–carbonate (stage IV). Two types of fluid inclusions are identified in the Chuduoqu Pb-Zn-Cu deposit: liquid-rich and vapor-rich. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions for stages I–IV are 318–370 °C, 250–308 °C, 230–294 °C, and 144–233 °C, respectively. Fluid salinities range from 2.07 wt. % to 11.81 wt. % NaCl equivalent. The microthermometric data indicate that the fluid mixing and cooling are two important mechanisms for ore precipitation. The H and O isotopic compositions of quartz indicate a primarily magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids, with the proportion of meteoric water increasing over time. The C and O isotopic compositions of carbonate samples indicate that a large amount of magmatic water was still involved in the final stage of mineralization. The S and Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides, demonstrate that the ore minerals have a magmatic source. On a regional basis, the most likely source of the metallogenic material was regional potassium-enriched magmatic hydrothermal fluid. Specifically for the Chuduoqu Pb-Zn-Cu deposit, the magmatic activity of a syenite porphyry was the likely heat source, and this porphyry also provided the main metallogenic material for the deposit. Mineralization took place between 40 and 24 Ma. The Chuduoqu deposit is a mesothermal hydrothermal vein deposit and was formed in an extensional environment related to the late stage of intracontinental orogenesis resulting from India–Asia collision. The determination of the deposit type and genesis of Chuduoqu is important because it will inform and guide further exploration for hydrothermal-type Pb and Zn deposits in the Tuotuohe area and in the wider Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt.
Highlights
From north to south, the Tibetan Plateau comprises the Songpan–Ganze flysch complex, theFrom north to south, the Tibetan Plateau comprises the Songpan–Ganze flysch complex, the eastern eastern Qiangtang Terrane, the western Qiangtang Terrane, the Lhasa Terrane, and the HimalayaQiangtang Terrane, the western Qiangtang Terrane, the Lhasa Terrane, and the Himalaya (Figure 1a, [1])(Figure 1a, [1]) separated by the Jinsha, Longmu Tso–Shuanghu, Bangong–Nujiang, and separated by the Jinsha, Longmu Tso–Shuanghu, Bangong–Nujiang, and Indus–Yarlung Zangbo sutureIndus–Yarlung Zangbo suture zones, respectively
The C and O isotopic compositions of carbonate samples indicate that a large amount of magmatic water was still involved in the final stage of mineralization
We provide an important basis for understanding the Chuduoqu Pb-Zn-Cu deposit and similar deposits in the Tuotuohe area
Summary
The Tibetan Plateau comprises the Songpan–Ganze flysch complex, theFrom north to south, the Tibetan Plateau comprises the Songpan–Ganze flysch complex, the eastern eastern Qiangtang Terrane, the western Qiangtang Terrane, the Lhasa Terrane, and the HimalayaQiangtang Terrane, the western Qiangtang Terrane, the Lhasa Terrane, and the Himalaya (Figure 1a, [1])(Figure 1a, [1]) separated by the Jinsha, Longmu Tso–Shuanghu, Bangong–Nujiang, and separated by the Jinsha, Longmu Tso–Shuanghu, Bangong–Nujiang, and Indus–Yarlung Zangbo sutureIndus–Yarlung Zangbo suture zones, respectively. The Tibetan Plateau comprises the Songpan–Ganze flysch complex, the. The Tibetan Plateau comprises the Songpan–Ganze flysch complex, the eastern eastern Qiangtang Terrane, the western Qiangtang Terrane, the Lhasa Terrane, and the Himalaya. These blocks and terranes represent relicts of zones, respectively These blocks and terranes represent relicts of Tethyan oceanic material of various. The Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt is located between the ages. The Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt is located between the Jinshajiang and Bangonghu–Nujiang sutures. Jinshajiang and Bangonghu–Nujiang sutures along the eastern and northern margins of the Tibetan along the eastern and northern margins of the Tibetan Plateau and extends for nearly 1500 km [2]. Plateau and extends for nearly 1500 km [2] This belt is an important Pb-Zn-producing region within
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