Abstract
The Blagodatnoye deposit with 340 t gold reserves is one of the most productive mines in Russia. Modern methods of studying fluid inclusions were used to determine the properties of fluids that formed this deposit. A comprehensive study revealed that the Blagodatnoye gold deposit was formed between 120 and 350 °C and at 0.2–2.6 kbar, and from fluids with salinities ranging from 0.5 to 30 wt.% (NaCl–eq.). These fluids are: 1—water–carbon dioxide; 2—carbon dioxide–hydrocarbon; 3—highly saline aqueous. According to Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, ore–forming fluids contained H2O, CO2, hydrocarbons and oxygenated organic compounds, sulfonated, nitrogenated and halogenated compounds. Early oxidized water–carbon dioxide fluids formed barren associations of the deposit. Later reduced carbon dioxide–hydrocarbon fluids had a key role in the formation of gold-bearing quartz veins. The stable isotope data (δ34S = 0.8 to 21.3‰, δ13C = −2.8 to −20.9‰, 3He/4He = 0.14 ± 0.3 × 10–6) suggest the ore-forming fluids have a crustal source.
Highlights
The Blagodatnoye deposit is one of largest gold deposits in Russia
There are a number of works in international and Russian journals devoted to the study of gold deposits by fluid inclusions analysis
The aim of our work is to reveal the physicochemical properties of ore–bearing fluids that formed the Blagodatnoye deposit in the Yenisei Ridge, which ranks the serciodnged[1in8–g21o]l.dThreesaeimrvoefs.our work is to reveal the physicochemical properties of ore
Summary
The Blagodatnoye deposit is one of largest gold deposits in Russia. Gold reserves are estimated at 340 tons averaging 1.3 g/t in ore according to the data of “Polyus Gold” company [1]. The stage of pre-ore metasomatites occurred with the formation of garnet–containing quartz– muscovite and two–mica with banded carbonization varieties At this pre-ore gold-barren stage, early generations of pyrite and pyrrhotite were formed frequently in association with quartz, which are spatially confined to schists designated as sulfidized schists. The beginning of the ore stage was preceded by rather powerful tectonic shifts, which led to the formation of a series of ore–supplying cracks filled with an ore mineral association with quartz, sulfides and native gold. The post-ore stage of hydrothermal activity is represented by the areas of contiguous thread–like quartz-carbonate ± fluorite veinlets widely spread within the ore–bearing zones. These accompany quartz veins and increase the overall thickness, width and depth of quartz–veined zones.
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