Ordered mesoporous carbon nanoparticles with well-controlled morphologies from sphere to rod via a soft-template route

Abstract

A facile soft-template method is used to synthesize highly ordered mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNs) with well-controlled morphology from spherical to rod-like structures. Low-molecular-weight phenolic resol is used as carbon-yielding component and triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as pore-forming component. The morphology of nanoparticles could be tuned by well controlling the concentration of F127. The results show that rod-shaped and worm-like mesoporous carbon nanoparticles can be obtained when the concentration of F127 is set at ∼12wt.% and 9wt.%, respectively. The spherical nanoparticles are obtained when the concentration is reduced to 6wt.%, and their size can be adjusted by further decreasing the F127 concentration. Moreover, the highly ordered mesostructure can be readily turned from 2D hexagonal (p6m) to 3D caged cubic (Im3¯m) along with the tuning of morphologies from rod-shaped to spherical. The as-obtained MCNs exhibit large surface area (∼1385m2/g), high pore volume (∼0.919cm3/g), highly ordered mesostructure, and continuous electron transport framework. Hence, the obtained mesoporous carbon materials show excellent capacitance (∼142F/g at loading current density of 0.5A/g) in the application of supercapacitors.