Order-disorder structural engineering of vanadium oxide anode: Balancing ionic and electronic dynamic for fast-charging aqueous Li-ion battery

Abstract

Fast-charging aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) are considered as promising energy storage devices because of their non-flammability and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, how to balance the ionic and electronic dynamics for fast charging reactions remains a significant challenge under the current research status. Here, the order-disorder structural engineering strategy is adopted to resolve this issue, considering the difference between ion and electron transportation in the crystalline and amorphous phases, respectively. Vanadium oxide anodes were developed with optimized ionic and electronic dynamics by using an organic-inorganic hybrid material as a precursor along with refined regulation on the calcination temperature and time. This facile and large-scale extendable approach harnesses the benefits of the order-disorder structure to optimize Li+ storage efficiency and facilitate the high reversibility of Li-ion during fast charging. Consequently, the order-disorder V2O5-based full cell with LiMn2O4 as a cathode exhibits high specific capacity (262.71 mAh g−1, 89.35 % of the theoretical capacity of V2O5), high energy density (166.04 Wh kg−1), fast Li-ion diffusion coefficient (7.34×10−5 cm2 s−1) and fast-charging performance (only 6 min achieves 82.84 % of initial state-of-charge capacity). This work explores the ionic and electronic dynamic of ordered-disorder structure and offers new insights into the development of fast-charging metal ion batteries.