Oral Pathophysiology in Substance Abuse: A Systematic Analysis of Recreational and Medicinal Drug Impact with Forensic Correlations

Abstract

Background: This manuscript explores the impact of recreational and medicinal drug abuse on oral health and its forensic implications. Drug abuse, whether recreational or through prescribed medications, has adverse effects on oral tissues. Materials: A comprehensive literature review covered various drug types, analyzing oral manifestations such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, xerostomia, oral mucosal lesions, and dental attrition. Results: Findings revealed severe oral health deterioration due to drug abuse, including tooth decay, gum tissue damage, dry mouth, and oral ulcers. Forensic implications were highlighted, linking oral health findings to drug abuse history in investigations. Conclusion: Collaborative efforts among dental practitioners, forensic experts, and toxicologists are crucial for reliable oral health assessments. Early identification of drug abuse cases can aid intervention and resolution of forensic cases. Understanding the oral health consequences of drug abuse plays a critical role in providing valuable evidence in forensic investigations.