Oral microbiota in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection

Jacqueline R Starr,Bruce J Paster,Yanmei Huang,Caroline H Shiboski,C M Murphy,Anna-Barbara Moscicki,Mark I Ryder,Lina L Faller,Tzy-Jyun Yao,Kyu Ha Lee,Russell B Van Dyke

doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0484-6

Abstract

BackgroundMicrobially mediated oral diseases can signal underlying HIV/AIDS progression in HIV-infected adults. The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected youth is not known. The Adolescent Master Protocol of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (PHEU) youth. We compared oral microbiome levels and associations with caries or periodontitis in 154 PHIV and 100 PHEU youth.ResultsSpecies richness and alpha diversity differed little between PHIV and PHEU youth. Group differences in average counts met the significance threshold for six taxa; two Corynebacterium species were lower in PHIV and met thresholds for noteworthiness. Several known periodontitis-associated organisms (Prevotella nigrescens, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Filifactor alocis) exhibited expected associations with periodontitis in PHEU youth, associations not observed in PHIV youth. In both groups, odds of caries increased with counts of taxa in four genera, Streptococcus, Scardovia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus.ConclusionsThe microbiomes of PHIV and PHEU youth were similar, although PHIV youth seemed to have fewer “health”-associated taxa such as Corynebacterium species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that HIV infection, or its treatment, may contribute to oral dysbiosis.

Highlights

Mediated oral diseases can signal underlying HIV/AIDS progression in HIV-infected adults
We address two primary questions: first, does oral microbial community composition differ in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) versus PHIV youth compared with HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) youth? Second, do caries-associated or periodontitis-associated organisms differ in PHIV versus PHEU youth?
We indicated as noteworthy taxa that met the significance threshold and met any of the following criteria: (1) both the false positive report probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP) were < 0.5, (2) the FPRP was < 0.2, or (3) the BFDP was < 0.2

Summary

Introduction

Mediated oral diseases can signal underlying HIV/AIDS progression in HIV-infected adults. The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected youth is not known. We compared oral microbiome levels and associations with caries or periodontitis in 154 PHIV and 100 PHEU youth. Alteration in the oral microbiota is well known to have negative consequences including periodontitis, oral candidiasis, oral herpes lesions, and Kaposi’s sarcoma lesions [3, 4], all of which reduce quality of life and act as sentinel signs of underlying HIV/AIDS progression. Maintaining a healthy mucosal barrier, analysis of oral salivary samples and lingual and subgingival plaque samples has shown overall similar microbial composition between HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults, some differences are notable [8,9,10,11]. In a recent study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, there were few observed differences in phyla

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