Abstract
Introduction. As oral mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have not, to date, been isolated from systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, the aim of this in vitro experiment was to characterize gingival MSCs (SScgMSCs) and granulation tissue MSCs (SScgtMSCs) from SSc and to evaluate their functionality in comparison to healthy MSCs (hMSCs), in normal or hyaluronic acid (HA) culture media. Materials and Methods. Isolated cells were described by immunophenotyping of surface antigen make-up and by trilineage mesenchymal differentiation capacity. Colony-Forming Unit-Fibroblast (CFU-F) test and migration potential evaluated MSC functionality. Results. All types of MSCs displayed positivity for the following surface markers: CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, and CD79a. These cells did not express CD34, CD45, HL-DR, and CD14. Isolated MSCs differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. The frequency of CFU-F for SScgtMSCs was significantly lower than that of hMSCs (p = 0.05) and SScgMSCs (p = 0.004) in normal medium, and also markedly lower than that of SScgMSCs (p = 0.09) in HA medium. Following HA exposure, both SScgMSCs and SScgtMSCs migrated significantly less (p = 0.033 and p = 0.005, respectively) than hMSCs. Conclusions. A reduced functionality of MSCs derived from SSc as compared to hMSCs was observed. HA in culture medium appeared to significantly stimulate the migration potential of hMSCs.
Highlights
As oral mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have not, to date, been isolated from systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, the aim of this in vitro experiment was to characterize gingival MSCs (SScgMSCs) and granulation tissue MSCs (SScgtMSCs) from SSc and to evaluate their functionality in comparison to healthy MSCs, in normal or hyaluronic acid (HA) culture media
Putative mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the non-inflamed gingiva (SScgMSCs) and granulation tissue from an apical lesion (SScgtMSCs) of a systemic sclerosis patient were grown and fully described by immunophenotyping of external antigen make-up and by trilineage mesenchymal differentiation potential following the standard minimal criteria recommended by the International Society for Cellular Therapy [25]
The SScgMSCs and SScgtMSCs were isolated from the gingiva and an apical lesion, collected after the extraction of a molar from a 42-year-old patient diagnosed with systemic sclerosis based on current diagnosis criteria
Summary
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex multisystem disease of autoimmune origin defined by excessive collagen deposits by pathologic fibroblasts [1] and consecutive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and by hyper-reactivity and obliteration of the microvasculature [2], which induce general and oral handicaps [3]. Other studies reported more consistent functional properties of bone marrow MSCs from SSc in comparison to MSCs from healthy patients [13,14]. Due to potential yet insufficiently validated abnormalities of oral MSCs in SSc patients that may hamper periodontal regeneration, the use of biomaterials with a stimulating effect on local progenitors as adjuvant of periodontal therapies appears to be of particular interest. More clinical studies reporting on the clinical benefices of HA need to be conducted, it is essential to first improve information on the effect of this molecule on the behavior of oral progenitor cells implicated in periodontal healing after periodontal therapies. For the purpose of this study, the following null hypothesis was tested: the behavior of SSc-MSCs does not differ from that of healthy MSCs
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