Oral Health Status among Type 2 Diabetic versus Nondiabetic Adult Population of Muradnagar

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a rising public health concern in India. It has become one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Aim: This study aimed to assess and correlate oral health status, socioeconomic status (SES), and oral hygiene practices among Type 2 Diabetic and nondiabetic adult population of Muradnagar. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Community Health Center of Muradnagar among 250 (Type 2 diabetic) and 250 (nondiabetic) adult study subjects from October 2019 to March 2020. A interview-based questionnaire assessed demographic details, body mass index, and SES of study subjects. The family history, type, and duration of diabetes as well as knowledge on diabetes, its systemic and oral manifestations, and medications were assessed among diabetic study subjects. WHO Oral Health Assessment Questionnaire 2013 was used. Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and Community Periodontal Index using WHO Oral Health 2013 Criteria were also used. Results: The mean age of diabetic study subjects was found to be 45.81 ± 5.05 years, whereas of nondiabetic study subjects, it was 40.85 ± 7.7 years. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth is statistically higher among diabetics (10.23 ± 4.73) than nondiabetics (5.34 ± 3.316). Periodontal pocket was present among 67.2% of diabetic study subjects with a mean number of teeth affected, with a pocket depth of about 4–5 mm in 4.68 ± 2.94 and 6 mm or more in 3.76 ± 2.83 which was comparatively higher than the nondiabetic study subjects. The prevalence of attachment loss among diabetic study subjects was noted as 28.4%, whereas among nondiabetic study subjects, it was 18%. Conclusion: The study concluded a strong association between diabetes and poor periodontal conditions and leaves an impact on overall oral health status of diabetic study subjects compared to the nondiabetics.