Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease that is caused by various factors, including environmental change, genetic defects, and immune imbalance. We previously showed that p-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa inhibits T-cell activation without inducing cell death. Here, we demonstrated that oral administration of HCA in a mouse model of ear AD attenuates the following local and systemic AD manifestations: ear thickening, immune-cell infiltration, production of AD-promoting immunoregulatory cytokines in ear tissues, increased spleen and draining lymph node size and weight, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production by draining lymph nodes, and elevated serum immunoglobulin production. HCA treatment of CD4+ T cells in vitro suppressed their proliferation and differentiation into Th1 or Th2 and their Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. HCA treatment of keratinocytes lowered their production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive either Th1 or Th2 responses in AD. Thus, HCA may be of therapeutic potential for AD as it acts by suppressing keratinocyte activation and downregulating T-cell differentiation and cytokine production.
Highlights
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, complex, and incurable skin disease
There were four mouse groups: healthy control mice, mice treated with hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) alone, mice treated with DNCB/mite extract alone (AD control group), and mice that were treated with oral HCA while AD was being induced
Oral administration of HCA attenuates systemic AD manifestations in mice Since AD often develops as a systemic disease [22], we investigated whether oral administration of HCA influences systemic immune responses
Summary
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, complex, and incurable skin disease. Its causes include immune system collapse, genetic defects, and environmental factors [1]. Several mouse models of AD have been developed. While others are based on sensitization with allergen [2]. The most commonly used allergenic combination is 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (mite) extract.
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