Oral administration of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 is effective in preventing Porphyromonas gingivalis-accelerated periodontal disease

R Kobayashi,F Sakai,T Kurita-Ochiai,M Yamamoto,T Hosoya,T Kobayashi

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00623-9

R Kobayashi, F Sakai + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00623-9

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Apr 3, 2017
Citations: 80	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Nihon University, Megmilk Snow Brand (Japan)

Abstract

Probiotics have been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. However, the effect of orally intubated probiotics on oral disease remains unclear. We assessed the potential of oral administration of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) for Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. LG2055 treatment significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, detachment and disorganization of the periodontal ligament, and bacterial colonization by subsequent P. gingivalis challenge. Furthermore, the expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in gingival tissue was significantly decreased in LG2055-administered mice after bacterial infection. Conversely, mouse β-defensin-14 (mBD-14) mRNA and its peptide products were significantly increased in distant mucosal components as well as the intestinal tract to which LG2055 was introduced. Moreover, IL-1β and TNF-α production from THP-1 monocytes stimulated with P. gingivalis antigen was significantly reduced by the addition of human β-defensin-3. These results suggest that gastrically administered LG2055 can enhance immunoregulation followed by periodontitis prevention in oral mucosa via the gut immune system; i.e., the possibility of homing in innate immunity.

Highlights

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobe, is one of the major pathogens associated with chronic periodontitis, a disease that causes the destruction of alveolar bone, and, as a consequence, tooth loss[1]
Gastric intubation of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) suppresses alveolar bone loss, detachment and disorganization of the periodontal ligament in mice infected with P. gingivalis
Mice gastrically intubated with LG2055 showed a significant reduction in alveolar bone loss caused by P. gingivalis infection compared to the loss in trehalose-treated mice (Fig. 1)

Summary

Introduction

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobe, is one of the major pathogens associated with chronic periodontitis, a disease that causes the destruction of alveolar bone, and, as a consequence, tooth loss[1]. Recent evidence suggests that this bacterium contributes to periodontitis by functioning as a keystone pathogen[2, 3]. The prevention of periodontal inflammation may be useful for the prevention of pathogen-associated systemic diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed the beneficial activity of some exogenous lactic acid bacteria in the treatment and prevention of rotaviral infection, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and other gastrointestinal disorders[9]. L. gasseri elicits various health benefits through antimicrobial activity, bacteriocin production, and immunomodulation of the innate and systemic immune responses[11]. Increasing evidence suggests that the induction of epithelial signaling by intestinal lactobacilli can modulate barrier functions and defensin production, and regulate inflammatory signaling[16]. The present study examined whether oral administration of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 is effective for preventing experimental periodontal disease

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