Abstract
Graphene has impressive features that make it an exceptional material for sophisticated applications in next generation electronics and opto-electronics devices. This peremptory material has attracted researchers’ attention in various fields of recent advancement since its discovery in 2004. Its applied fields are increasing day by day. This two-dimensional material (2D) is using mellifluously for the development in different types of devices in the field of optics, photonics, light emitting diode (LED), medical diagnosis, sensing, and so on. In this review, the relevant optical properties and the applications areas with available results in various fields are discussed. Again, the optical conductivity of strained graphene is reviewed in a wavelength related regime that depends on strain modulus and position with field arrangements. Graphene shows a saturation and reverse saturation process due to the increase of light intensity. In addition, strong absorption is observed from the visible to mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range. Moreover, the application areas of graphene including optics, photonics, plasmonics, mode-locked laser, optical modulator, etc., and the comparison of various results obtained from different sources are presented.
Highlights
Graphene is a single layer sp2 sheet material
Graphene is used in various fields like optic, optical modulator, medical diagnosis devices, photonics, sensing, plasmonics, and solar cells
The properties of graphene are currently beyond imagination as many of its amazing characteristics are being incorporated day by day. This 2D material has gained the focus of researchers since its appearance with its unique properties
Summary
Graphene is a single layer sp sheet material It is two-dimensional, one atom thick and crystal organized in a honeycomb pattern, and demonstrates surprising electronic, mechanical, thermal, optical, and opto-electronic properties. Graphene is used in various fields like optic, optical modulator, medical diagnosis devices, photonics, sensing, plasmonics, and solar cells. For having various physicochemical characteristics, graphene oxide (GO) is useful for several medical applications like bio-markers imaging detection, cancer therapy, DNA, and biosensing This has reduced the complication in the field of medical diagnosis. Like the other properties, such as electrical, mechanical, and thermal, graphene has the properties of optical and optoelectronics, such as ultra high carrier mobility, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength [14,15,16] It has exposed different transport properties such as pseudo-spin, chirality and irregular quantum Hall effect [17].
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