Optimum thermal design for heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian liquid within converging conduit with thermal jump and zero-mass flux

Abstract

The performance of heat transfer materials is strongly dependent on physical characteristics such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and density. Among these, evolving thermal conductivity is a critical element in fluid heat transmission. In general, the poor thermal conductivity of industrial fluids is a significant barrier for heat transfer properties. The problem, however, has been revealed with the emergence of nanoparticles generated by various materials. This effort aims to demonstrate the mass and heat transfer attributes of the Carreau nanofluid through non-parallel channel with zero mass flux and variable thermal conductivity. The Buongiorno nanofluid model introduces the dual diffusion phenomena of nanomaterial. The analysis are carried out after reduction of governing ODE's into first order. The reduced equations are tickled numerically with Rung-Kutta method. The findings demonstrate that the thermal source, Brownian motion and thermal conductivity parameters exhibits a linear ascent on temperature profile, whereas effect of Prandtl number Pr is conflicting. The mass transfer rate is impacted negatively by the mass diffusivity value. The existence of the variables thermal conductivity factor ∈1 and mass diffusivity ∈2 leads to an elevated rate of heat and mass transmission. In the current investigation, a comparison is made for heat and mass transfer performance.