Abstract
The effect of Kevlar and natural fibres on the performance of brake friction materials was evaluated. Four friction material specimens were developed by varying the proportion of Kevlar and natural fibres. Two developed composite contained 5-10 wt.% of Kevlar fibre while in the other two the Kevlar fibre was replaced with same amount of natural fibre. SAE J661 protocol was used for the assessment of the tribological properties on a Chase testing machine. Result shows that the specimens containing Kevlar fibres shows higher friction and wear performance, whereas Kevlar replacement with natural fibre resulted in improved fade, recovery and friction fluctuations. Further hybrid entropy-GRA (grey relation analysis) approach was applied to select the optimal friction materials using various performance defining attributes (PDA) including friction, wear, fade, recovery, friction fluctuations and cost. The friction materials with 10 wt% of natural fibre exhibited the best overall quality.
Highlights
A friction material contains a resin binder, fibrous reinforcement, abrasives, fillers and lubricants in varying composition [1]
A good friction material requires an appropriate set of performance defining attributes (PDAs) namely high and stable coefficient of friction, negligible fading, faster recovery, better wear resistance and low-sensitivity towards load-speed alterations for reliable and safe performance [1]
Assessment of such PDAs and selection of optimal friction material can be regarded as multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem [18,19,20]
Summary
A friction material contains a resin binder, fibrous reinforcement, abrasives, fillers and lubricants in varying composition [1]. Last two decades witnessed a lot of research in the development of asbestos-free brake friction materials [410] In this way the formulation designers start focusing on natural fibres and industrial wastes as a source of raw materials for friction formulations [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. A good friction material requires an appropriate set of performance defining attributes (PDAs) namely high and stable coefficient of friction, negligible fading, faster recovery, better wear resistance and low-sensitivity towards load-speed alterations for reliable and safe performance [1] Assessment of such PDAs and selection of optimal friction material can be regarded as multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem [18,19,20]. In this work the comparative effect of addition of Kevlar and natural fibre on the tribo-performance of brake friction material is studied and optimal formulation is selected by using MCDM approach
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