Optimizing Recloser Settings in an Active Distribution System Using the Differential Evolution Algorithm

Abstract

A recloser requires a fast operating time in the first shot to optimally clear a temporary fault. The operating time is dependent on the time-dial, the pick-up settings, and the fault current. The recloser detects the fault current from the grid supply; however, the connection of the generators in the distribution system can contribute to the fault current. Depending on the location of the generators and the direction of the current, the fault current can decrease and cause an increase in the operating time. Therefore, the optimal settings that can minimize the operating time may need to be determined. This paper simulates the behavior of a recloser in its first shot for clearing a temporary fault and tests its performance in an active distribution system that has two types of distributed generators. It then uses the differential evolution algorithm to find the optimal settings in the active distribution voltage conditions. It also applies modifications to the differential evolution algorithm and uses these modifications to find robust settings. It then uses an exponential scale factor to balance the exploration and exploitation of the algorithm chosen. Simscape power systems in Matlab Simulink is used to construct the active distribution system and simulate the cases, while the Matlab script is used to run the code for the differential evolution algorithm. Six cases are performed to find the optimal settings of the recloser. The results show that the selected settings and the differential evolution algorithm modification can optimize the operation of the recloser.