Abstract
Quercetin in Taraxacum mongolicum was extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction in synergy with an ionic liquid–enzyme complex system, and the antioxidant function of quercetin was investigated based on network pharmacology. From 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, the first step was to choose the appropriate ionic liquid. Subsequently, a response surface methodology and single-factor experiment were used to optimize the extraction process. The quercetin and the key targets for antioxidants were obtained from a public database. Antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring the scavenging rate of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and hydroxyl radicals(•OH). The approach revealed that the optimal extraction process was the liquid–solid ratio of 31.62:1 mL/g, enzymatic temperature of 55 °C, and the amount of cellulase added was 14.79% of the dry weight of dandelion. Under this condition, the yield of quercetin was 0.24 ± 0.011 mg/g, which was 1.3 times higher than that of the conventional reflux extraction method of 0.185 ± 0.015 mg/g. Pharmacological findings showed 57 cross-targets of quercetin with antioxidants. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that antioxidant function may be related to chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species, and the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Quercetin has strong DPPH and •OH radical scavenging activity. The development and use of industrial dandelion are supported by this sustainable and effective method of extracting quercetin from dandelion.
Published Version
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