Abstract
Ferrous alloy forgings typically are used at the critical points in any given application, and thus it is incumbent upon the forger to select optimum melting technology and design processing techniques to provide specialty, stainless, and heat-resistant steels that possess the full extent of the grade's mechanical properties. Thermomechanical processing techniques can be employed to achieve such goals. In specialty steels such as HP310, HP9Ni-4Co-0.20C, and AF1410, combinations of working practices and thermal treatments have been examined to maximize the ductility and/or fracture toughness of these ultra-high strength steels. In stainless steel Grades 15-5PH and PH13-8Mo in forgings, critical fracture-toughness requirements can be enhanced by careful selection of forging parameters. Finally, for heat- and corrosion-resistant materials, including A286 and Inconel 625, relationships between forging and thermal treatments have been studied that optimize grain size, strength, and toughness.
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