Abstract
K0.5Na0.5NbO3 is considered as one of the most promising lead-free piezoelectric ceramics in the field of wearable electronics because of its excellent piezoelectric properties and environmental friendliness. In this work, the temperature-dependent longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient was investigated in K0.5Na0.5NbO3 single crystals via the Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire theory. Results show that the piezoelectric anisotropy varies with the temperature and the maximum of deviates from the polar direction of the ferroelectric phase. In the tetragonal phase, parallels with cubic polarization direction near the tetragonal-cubic transition region, and then gradually switches toward the nonpolar direction with decreasing temperatures. The maximum of in the orthorhombic phase reveals a distinct varying trend in different crystal planes. As for the rhombohedral phase, slight fluctuation of the maximum of was observed and delivered a more stable temperature-dependent maximum and its corresponding angle θmax in comparison with tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. This work not only sheds some light on the temperature-dependent phase transitions, but also paves the way for the optimization of piezoelectric properties in piezoelectric materials and devices.
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