Optimizing Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources: A Cloud-Based Forecasting Approach for Eco-Sustainability

Abstract

As electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more common and the need for sustainable energy practices is growing, better management of EV charging station loads is a necessity. The simple act of folding renewable power from solar or wind in an EV charging system presents a huge opportunity to make them even greener as well as improve grid resiliency. This paper proposes an innovative EV charging station energy consumption forecasting approach by incorporating integrated renewable energy data. The optimization is achieved through the application of SARLDNet, which enhances predictive accuracy and reduces forecast errors, thereby allowing for more efficient energy allocation and load management in EV charging stations. The technique leverages comprehensive solar and wind energy statistics alongside detailed EV charging station utilization data collected over 3.5 years from various locations across California. To ensure data integrity, missing data were meticulously addressed, and data quality was enhanced. The Boruta approach was employed for feature selection, identifying critical predictors, and improving the dataset through feature engineering to elucidate energy consumption trends. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) signal decomposition extracts intrinsic mode functions, revealing temporal patterns and significantly boosting forecasting accuracy. This study introduces a novel stem-auxiliary-reduction-LSTM-dense network (SARLDNet) architecture tailored for robust regression analysis. This architecture combines regularization, dense output layers, LSTM-based temporal context learning, dimensionality reduction, and early feature extraction to mitigate overfitting. The performance of SARLDNet is benchmarked against established models including LSTM, XGBoost, and ARIMA, demonstrating superior accuracy with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.2%, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 22.3 kWh, and R2 Score of 0.87. This validation of SARLDNet’s potential for real-world applications, with its enhanced predictive accuracy and reduced error rates across various EV charging stations, is a reason for optimism in the field of renewable energy and EV infrastructure planning. This study also emphasizes the role of cloud infrastructure in enabling real-time forecasting and decision support. By facilitating scalable and efficient data processing, the insights generated support informed energy management and infrastructure planning decisions under dynamic conditions, empowering the audience to adopt sustainable energy practices.