Abstract
This study presents the design and implementation of a Fractional Order Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (FOPID) controller intended for the regulation of blood glucose levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The efficacy of this controller is evaluated through its application to a nonlinear Stolwijk–Hardy model simulating T1DM patients, accounting for a range of physiological conditions. Utilizing a genetic algorithm, the parameters of the FOPID controller are fine-tuned. By conducting a comparative analysis with previously established control algorithms, the performance of the proposed controller is validated, demonstrating its superior performance. The results underscore the significant improvements achieved by the proposed controller in maintaining blood glucose concentrations within safe thresholds, particularly in scenarios involving disruptions due to meals.
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