Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been drawn to improving productivity in logging passages while reducing negative impact on soil and water. The position of landings and extraction routes is crucial in these efforts, as it has a huge impact on efficient and sustainable forwarder passages. In this paper, we propose a two-phase approach to identify the best possible landing locations integrated with log extraction route design. The first phase identifies potential landing zones adjacent to forest roads. It considers practical restrictions such as slopes, stoniness, and closeness to infrastructure. The second phase uses an optimization model to evaluate the potential impact of each zone and aggregate zones, selecting one or two complete landings. This model is a relaxation of a formulation for an extraction route design; it is used to minimize a weighted objective of the total driving distance, avoid steep terrains and impact on soil and water. The proposed approach has been tested on a set of harvest areas in southern Sweden. The results not only show the potential to identify feasible landing zones but also identify a shorter driving distance and hence lower contractual cost with optimized positioning. The possibility to increase efficiency in forest operations by performing scenario analysis and thus forwarding distances with different landing sites is among the results.
Highlights
The location of landing(s) in forest operations is the decoupling point between harvest and transport operations
Our case study hailed from a region in Sweden that has relatively flat forest areas and a highquality forest road system, making it relatively easy to find feasible landing squares
Fifty-six were placed in the modelled feasible landing zones, whereas six were placed in unsuitable landing squares due to environmental consideration or land use
Summary
The location of landing(s) in forest operations is the decoupling point between harvest and transport operations. A landing should be close to the harvest area to enable efficient forwarding operations. As harvested volumes may be large (thousands of cubic metres), the. © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) landing can stretch several hundred meters along forest roads, avoiding storage on steep slopes, large rocks, streams, road crossings and buildings. Determining location and landing dimension is typically carried out manually by on-site forest professionals. We propose an approach that coordinates the extraction route design into the landing design. The landing design method identifies the best locations of one or two separate landings for a harvest area using detailed geographical information and advanced planning methods. The approach can be done a priori on-site inspection
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