Abstract
The Sargassum genus is rich in glycoglycerolipids, phytosterols, terpenoids, polyphenols, nitrogenous compounds, and other components, and it exhibits various biological activities. Response surface methodology optimization based on Box-Behnken design was applied to extract polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-biofilm activities from Sargassum muticum. Results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were an ethanol concentration of 56%, a temperature of 58 °C, a time of 5 h, and a liquid/material ratio of 40 mL/g. Under these conditions, the contents of polyphenols and phlorotannins were 10.76 ± 0.42 mg/g and 1.62 ± 0.04 mg/g, respectively. The EtOH extract of S. muticum was further purified with organic solvents of different polarities, and the ethyl acetate fraction (HA-PTs) exhibited the highest purity of polyphenols and phlorotannins, along with the best antioxidant and anti-biofilm activities. In phytochemical analysis, the main substances identified were polysaccharides, phytosterols, polyphenols, flavonoids, and phlorotannins. According to UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis, four types of phlorotannins were identified from HA-PTs: dibenzodioxine-1,3,6,8-tetraol, tetraphlorethol, pentaphlorethol, and fucopentaphlorethol. These results indicate that the polyphenols of S. muticum have the potential to become new natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents.
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