Optimized Baccharis dracunculifolia extract as photoprotective and antioxidant: In vitro and in silico assessment

Abstract

Baccharis dracunculifolia (alecrim-do-campo) leaves contain polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and represents an alternative for the production or enhancement of sunscreen formulations. This study was designed to evaluate the photoprotective and antioxidant action of B. dracunculifolia, using in vitro and in silico methods, and correlate them with its phytochemical profile to obtain the optimized extract. The chemical composition was verified by chromatographic analysis, which confirmed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids. The B. dracunculifolia extract was optimized using antioxidant potential by eliminating the free radical DPPH, auto-oxidation of linoleic acid, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF), and quimiometric analysis. The optimal extraction conditions were defined, resulting in a value of SPF 18.9 and antioxidant EC50 12.9, and a total polyphenol content of 6%. The stereoelectronic properties involved with the antioxidant action and UV absorption were studied using an in silico approach. The electron donating capacity in silico was observed in the flavonoid quercetin while the greatest antioxidant capacity in phenolic acids was chlorogenic acid. The obtained results suggest the photoprotective and antioxidant effect of B. dracunculifolia and support its use in natural and multifunctional formulations against UV-induced damages.