Optimization system of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering chondrogenic differentiation

Abstract

Articular cartilage defect is a common joint damage, however, due to the particularity of cartilage tissue, its repair ability is limited. Thus, articular cartilage damage often changes to more severe osteoarthritis which brings huge pain and economic burden to patients. The development of cartilage tissue engineering brings good news to these patients, but also faces great challenges. Because of the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) including autologous source, amplification and cartilage differentiation potential, MSCs are often used as the seed cells of cartilage tissue engineering and got widely attention. In the commonly used treatment strategy of articular cartilage differentiated from mesenchymal cells, in vitro pre culture and differentiation showed good therapeutic effects.The mesenchymal stem cells collected from the patient were concentrated, cultured and induced differentiation in vitro, a certain number of differentiated chondrocytes were obtained, and then the cells and culture matrix were transplanted to the patient together. However, the tissue engineering cartilage obtained from mesenchymal stem cells cannot fully meet the requirements of clinical treatment. Moreover, due to the differences of disease type, degree and individuality, there are various optimized factors for the treatment of MSCs derived tissue-engineered cartilage transplantation. For the same type of disease treatment, the optimization system still has no unified recognized standard. In order to obtain better adapt to the human body and meet the clinical requirements of articular cartilage, this review focus onoptimized factors of MSCs in the treatment of orthopedic diseases, summarize and analysis the research status, and discuss the induced factorsfrom three aspects: environmental factors, scaffold selection and seed cells.It provides an idea for using mesenchymal stem cells to obtain better tissue-engineered cartilage and to establish a better optimization system.