Abstract
We present a complete, fully automatic solution based on genetic algorithms for the optimization of discrete product placement and of order picking routes in a warehouse. The solution takes as input the warehouse structure and the list of orders and returns the optimized product placement, which minimizes the sum of the order picking times. The order picking routes are optimized mostly by genetic algorithms with multi-parent crossover operator, but for some cases also permutations and local search methods can be used. The product placement is optimized by another genetic algorithm, where the sum of the lengths of the optimized order picking routes is used as the cost of the given product placement. We present several ideas, which improve and accelerate the optimization, as the proper number of parents in crossover, the caching procedure, multiple restart and order grouping. In the presented experiments, in comparison with the random product placement and random product picking order, the optimization of order picking routes allowed the decrease of the total order picking times to 54%, optimization of product placement with the basic version of the method allowed to reduce that time to 26% and optimization of product placement with the methods with the improvements, as multiple restart and multi-parent crossover to 21%.
Highlights
A large share of operating costs related to product storage is connected to order picking
The idea of applying genetic algorithms to warehouse optimization or order picking route optimization was presented in some literature positions, we have not found a complete automatic solution, which considers the order distribution, as we present in this paper
Shortening the time of order picking is the most important and most beneficial factor in reducing the costs of operating the warehouse. It can be achieved without significant investment by optimizing the locations for particular products in a warehouse and determining the fastest order completion routes
Summary
A large share of operating costs related to product storage is connected to order picking. It has been established that about 60% of warehouse operation costs are the costs of picking up goods when completing orders [1]. As the speed of this operation is a decisive factor in the response time to customers’ orders and is one of the factors contributing to their decision about choosing or not the same company at the purchase, it seems that the role of the speed of order completion is even greater. Shortening the time of order picking is the most important and most beneficial factor in reducing the costs of operating the warehouse. It can be achieved without significant costs by optimizing the locations for particular products in a warehouse and determining the fastest order completion routes in the optimized product placement.
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