Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds and their pharmaceutical activity from curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.) using response surface methodology.

Ali Ghasemzadeh,Hawa Ze Jaafar,Asmah Rahmat,Ehsan Karimi

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-318

Ali Ghasemzadeh, Hawa Ze Jaafar + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-318

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Abstract

BackgroundExtraction prior to component analysis is the primary step in the recovery and isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from plant materials.MethodsResponse surface methodology was applied to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to achieve high catechin, myricetin, and quercetin contents, and high antioxidant and anticancer activities in the curry leaf extracts. The antioxidant and anticancer activities of the leaf extracts were determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, respectively. The central composite experimental design (3-level, 3-factorial) was employed to consider the effects of ultrasonic power (80–150 W), temperature (40–80°C), and methanol dilution (40–80%) on the properties of the curry leaf extracts.ResultsIt was found that ultrasonic power of 145.49 W at 55.9°C with 80% methanol was the most appropriate set of conditions for the extraction of catechin, myricetin, and quercetin from curry leaves with the consequent high antioxidant activity. Using the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction yields of catechin, myricetin, and quercetin were 0.482, 0.517, and 0.394 mg/g DW, respectively, and the antioxidant activity was enhanced to 83%. The optimized extract showed more distinct anticancer activity against HeLa cancer cells in a concentration of 67.2 μg/mL (P < 0.01) without toxicity to normal cells.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the pharmaceutical quality of curry leaves could be improved significantly by optimizing the extraction process using response surface methodology.

Highlights

Extraction prior to component analysis is the primary step in the recovery and isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from plant materials
The current study is designed in order to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of the Malaysian curry leaf (M. koenigii) to achieve high flavonoid contents and high antioxidant and anticancer activity by using response surface methodology with a central composite design
Increasing the ultrasonic power from 80 to 150 W increased the content of catechin by about 6% (80°C, 80% methanol)

Summary

Introduction

Extraction prior to component analysis is the primary step in the recovery and isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from plant materials. In the herbal medicine industry, the extraction process is the important step for the isolation of phytochemicals waves interact with the plant material and alter its physical and chemical properties; their cavitational effect facilitates the release of extractable compounds and enhances the mass transport by disrupting the plant cell walls [7]. Murraya koenigii (L.), generally known as the curry leaf, or Pokok kari (Daun kari) in Malaysia, is one of the traditional folk remedies that contains several interesting bioactive compounds [12] with anti-tumor [13], antioxidant [14,15], anti-inflammatory [16], anti-hyperglycemic [17], and hypoglycemic effects [18]. The current study is designed in order to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of the Malaysian curry leaf (M. koenigii) to achieve high flavonoid contents and high antioxidant and anticancer activity by using response surface methodology with a central composite design

Methods

Results

Conclusion