Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Fatty Acids in Seeds of Brucea Javanica (L.) Merr. from Different Sources and Simultaneous Analysis Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection.

Tong Zhang,Xitong Zhang,Zhuona Wu,Bing Wang,Yue Zhang,Yiqiong Pu,Ning Li,Ling Li

doi:10.3390/molecules22060931

Tong Zhang, Xitong Zhang + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060931

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Abstract

Our research aimed to optimize the oil extraction process and determine the fatty acids in Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. seeds. The extraction technology was optimized using response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design was employed to investigate the effects of three independent variables on an ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique, namely, sonication time (X1: 20–40 min), liquid–solid ratio (X2: 16:1 mL/g–24:1 mL/g), and ethanol concentration (X3: 90%–100%). The optimum conditions of sonication time, liquid–solid ratio, and ethanol concentration were 40 min, 24:1 mL/g, and 100%, respectively. The content of fatty acids and the oil yield were 14.64 mg/g and 16.87%, respectively, which match well with the predicted models. The optimum number of extraction times was eventually identified as two. A new rapid method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fatty acids of B. javanica (L.) Merr. seed oil using HPLC with a charged aerosol detector was described. The fatty acid contents of 14 batches of B. javanica (L.) Merr. seed oil were determined, and the relevance and difference were analyzed by fingerprint analysis. The fingerprint has five common peaks, and the similarity was greater than 0.991. HPLC analysis represents a specialized and rational approach for the quality identification and comprehensive evaluation of B. javanica (L.) Merr. seed oils.

Highlights

Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. (Simaroubaceae plant), a traditional Chinese herb, is widely distributed in the southern provinces of China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Hainan [1].B. javanica (L.) Merr. seed oil (BJO) is an extract of the dried nucleoli of B. javanica (L.) Merr..Molecules 2017, 22, 931; doi:10.3390/molecules22060931 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesThe primary component of BJO is fatty acid (FA), which includes oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic, and stearic acids
This study focuses on the optimization of a complete set of extraction and analysis methods of BJO and the establishment of the chromatographic fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) to provide a reliable basis for the further study of B. javanica seeds
The lowest limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were obtained with linoleic acid (0.368 μg/mL and 2.624 μg/mL, respectively), whereas the highest LOD and LOQ

Summary

Introduction

Seed oil (BJO) is an extract of the dried nucleoli of B. javanica (L.) Merr. The primary component of BJO is fatty acid (FA), which includes oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic, and stearic acids. The study of extraction methods is very important, and various techniques for the extraction of BJO have been developed, including supercritical fluid extraction, soakage extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The effect of ultrasonic waves is strong, as they can destroy the cells of plant, which is especially suitable for seeds [7,8]. Many factors affect the extraction efficiency of UAE. Some of these are ultrasonic power, extraction time, extraction temperature, and solvent to solid ratio [9]

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