Optimization of the Proportion of Surfactant, Co-Surfactant, and Candlenut Oil for Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Secang Heartwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Methanolic Extract

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">This study aimed to determine the optimum proportion of hazelnut oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants for SNEDDS of Secang Heartwood using the simplex lattice design (SLD) method using the Design-Expert software. The SNEDDS formula was prepared using Tween 80 and Croduret 50 ss as surfactants, propylene glycol as cosurfactant, and candlenut oil based on physical stability parameters: formula transmittance (%), separation phase, and emulsification time. The optimum SNEDDS formula was compared with the predictive value [p> 0.05] provided by the SLD; then extract the loading dose, accelerated stability test, analysis of particle size, and zeta potential. The optimum proportion of Tween 80-Croduret 50 ss, propylene glycol, and hazelnut oil, based on the SLD, was 62.43%; 22.57%; and 15.0%. The results showed that the transmittance was 93.2%; emulsification time was 74.67 seconds, and; separation phase was 0.89. The SLD's predictive values of the transmittance percentage, emulsification time, and separation phase were 94.98%, 78.97 seconds, 0.84, respectively. The results of the one-sample <em>t</em>-test statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the observative and predictive results. SNEDDS was found capable of loading 25.0 mg of secang heartwood methanolic extract in each system, with a particle size of 23.2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.142, and zeta potential of +20.8 mV.</p>